How to Install an Egress Window: Full Installation Guide

Installing an egress window in a basement improves safety, adds natural light and ventilation, and increases the value of your home. These windows serve as emergency exits and entrances, providing a vital escape route in case of fire or other emergencies. 

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Beyond safety, egress windows bring natural light into basement spaces, making them more inviting and livable. While adding an egress window is a heavy-duty project, many homeowners can do it themselves. This article will walk through the entire process of installing an egress window, from understanding regulations to the step-by-step installation procedure.

Steps To Install an Egress Window

Installing an egress window is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. Here’s a comprehensive step-by-step guide to help homeowners through this important process:

Apply for a Permit

Before beginning any work, you need to apply for the necessary permits from the local building department. This is necessary to keep your installation in compliance with local building codes and safety regulations. 

Typically, you must submit detailed plans of the proposed egress window, including measurements and materials for approval. Getting this step right is essential to avoid any legal (fines) or safety issues down the line.

Prep and Plan Your Window

Measure the interior and exterior space where you will install the egress window. Refer to the specifications outlined earlier (and local codes) to make sure the window meets all requirements. 

This phase might also include selecting the right type and style of window to complement the existing basement design. Proper planning at this stage can help avoid major setbacks during installation.

Dig the Hole

Excavate the area where you will install the window well. The hole should extend about 14 inches below the bottom of the window to accommodate drainage. Make sure the soil is stable and the excavation meets the required depth and width to support the well’s structure.

Cut the Foundation

This step requires special equipment and expertise. We highly recommend ‌hiring a professional contractor for this part of the process. They will use a concrete saw to cut through the foundation wall, creating an opening for the window. 

This demolition work must be handled with precision to maintain the integrity of your home.

Remove the Block and Tidy Up the Hole

After cutting, carefully remove the concrete blocks. Use a brick chisel to smooth any jagged edges, keeping the opening the correct size for the window frame. Ensuring a clean, well-prepared opening will facilitate easier window installation and minimize potential issues with fitting and sealing.

Install the Window Well

Install the window well and securely attach it to the foundation with the included hardware. Add gravel at the bottom for drainage, keeping it below the windowsill level to prevent water from entering the basement. This step involves keeping the well correctly positioned, anchored, and level to provide proper support and drainage.

Install the Window

Set the window in place, using shims to keep it level and plumb. Fasten the window to the frame, making sure it operates properly. Apply foam insulation around the frame to seal any gaps. This part of the installation will prevent air leaks and potential water intrusion.

Finish the Installation

Add trim to the interior and exterior of the window. Caulk around the window to prevent water infiltration. Backfill the area around the window well with soil, sloping it away from your house for proper drainage.

Egress Window Installation Costs

The cost of installing an egress window can vary widely depending on several factors, including the window size, type, and whether foundation cutting is required. On average, homeowners can expect to pay between $2,500 and $5,300 for a complete egress window installation, according to Angi.

While DIY installations can save on labor costs, the complexity and potential risks involved make professional installation a wise investment. 

DIY vs. Professional Installation

While it’s possible for experienced DIYers to install an egress window, there are several factors to consider. The decision between DIY and hiring professionals often hinges on balancing cost, skill, and time.

DIY Installation has the potential cost savings on labor and can provide the personal satisfaction of completing the project. However, there’s a big risk of errors ‌compromising your home’s safety or leading to water damage. 

Also, most homeowners don’t have the specialized tools and expertise for cutting foundation walls. As such, it is a time-consuming process for those unfamiliar with construction. 

Professional Installation allows you to hire a contractor with expertise in local building codes and regulations. They’ll have the right tools and equipment to complete the job faster than any homeowner, plus most will give you a warranty on workmanship. 

However, professional installation will have higher upfront costs. 

Understanding Egress Windows

Egress windows are large windows installed in below-grade living spaces, typically basements, that provide “egress”—i.e., emergency exits and entrances. They usually include a ladder or steps for convenient escape in emergencies. These windows not only improve safety but also improve ventilation and increase natural light in basement areas.

Basement Egress Window Codes and Regulations

When installing egress windows, there are specific requirements to meet building codes and ensure safety. Below are some general requirements for egress windows. However, local codes and regulations vary, so check your local building code for exact guidelines for your home. 

• Minimum height from the floor: 44 inches
• Minimum opening area: 5.7 square feet
• Minimum opening height: 24 inches
• Minimum opening width: 20 inches
• Minimum glass area: 8% of the total floor area of the room it’s connected to
• Minimum opening area: 4% of the total floor area of the room it’s adjacent with

Along with the requirements for the window itself, the window well must meet the following requirements: 

• Window well requirement: Where the bottom of the egress window is lower than ground level
• Egress well installation: It must not obstruct the window fully opening
• Distance from the back of the window: At least 36 inches to the back of the egress well
• Minimum area of the well: At least nine square feet

Lastly, the ladders or steps leading out of the window well to the surface must meet these requirements: 

• Minimum window well depth: 44 inches
• Ladders or steps: Must be permanently attached
• Maximum distance between rings of the ladder: 18 inches
• Distance from the back wall: Three–six inches

These regulations are designed so that anyone trapped in your basement (due to a fire or other disaster) can easily escape the window to the outdoors without much restriction. 

Types of Egress Windows for Basements

There are several types of egress windows suitable for basements. Each type offers unique benefits and potential drawbacks. 

Single-Hung or Double-Hung

These windows have two sashes within a frame. They’re not ideal for low basements due to their vertical space requirements.

Casement

These windows swing outward like a door, making them an excellent choice for maximizing opening size in limited wall space. They are often preferred for their ease of operation and effectiveness in emergencies.

In-Swing

These windows open inward, which is ideal for basements with limited outdoor space. They allow the window to open entirely without the need for exterior clearance.

Sliding

These windows have two glass panes that slide horizontally, making them suitable for basements with limited vertical space. They offer modern aesthetics and ease of use.

Final Thoughts

Installing an egress window is a significant home improvement project that offers multiple benefits. Beyond meeting safety requirements, these windows can transform a dark basement into a bright, livable space, potentially increasing your home’s value.

While the installation process is complex, the result is well worth the effort and investment. Whether you choose DIY installation or hire a pro, you should prioritize safety and adhere to local building codes.